Electrical signaling



. 1,703,197 A. J. KLONECK ELECTRICAL S IGNALING Feb. 26, 1929.

Filed April 18. 1921 WITNESSES. w INYENTORI and receiving electrical signals. Referring more particularly to the draw:

Patented Feb. 26, 1929.

. AUGUST .1. ndmcx, 0F NEwYoRK, N. Y.

, ELECTRICAL sre'naLrne.

Amm n fl ed-A ia 1a, 1921. Serial No. 462,321."

This invention relates to signaling systems and more-particularly to that type wherein transmission and reception of sig nals are independent o fone another.

. One object of the invention is to provide suitable electrical circuits and elements which will permit transmission and reception of electrical signals simultaneously)" Another object of the invention is to provide suitable circuits and elements for amplifying transmitted and received signals through similar apparatus.

These and other allied objects are attained by a novel combinationof electrical circuits 16 and elements hereinafter more fully described and shown in the accompanying drawings. wherein p p p I The figure shows electrlcal' clrcu ts and apparatus. for snnultaneously transm tt ng ings, the numeral 1 designates atransformer havingone coil 1 connected between'an aerial 2 and a ground 2 or to any other desired communicating conductors. Two other coils 1 and 1" of said transformer 1 are connected in series with twocoils 3and 3 ofanintermediate transformer g. Another coil 3? of transformer 3 has one terminal connected to condensers 12 and 6, the coil 7 of anautotransformer which serves asan inductance and further to coils 10 or 13" of two receivers by means of a switch inthe receiving circuit 9. The other terminal of coil 3 is connected to one terminal of a transmitting. circuit '8 and also through a coil 7 a of another aerial circuit'to a terminal ofisaid receiving circuit 9 including suitable elements for the latter. The other terminal of thetransmitting circuit 8 is connected between the condensers 6, 6 and inductance coils 7" and '7 of equal values to the terminals er said receiving'circuit 9 so that a current from said transmitting circuit 8 will produce no potential difference and no resultant affection of the receiving circuit.

The transmitting circuit 8 comprises the source of electrical current 41-. The latter is connected through a currentregulating resistance l and inductance 4" and suitable other elements to a spark gap 16.} The latter consists of flat or circ'ular electrodes 17 and 18 having edgeshaped elements facing toward one another. A blow out magnet 19 is energized through acoil 20 serving for a magnetic blast through the gap between the electrodes 17 and 18; Said magnet 19 I has circular pole pieces to conform to the shape of the electrodes. One of its poles is arranged within and the other pole around the outside of the circular electrodes 17 and 18. A casing 21 enclosing the electrodes permits the operation of the spark gap in a suitable gas. The circuit including the spark gap; the primary coil'25 and the tuning elements 26 and 27 if desirable is shunted by an oscillation circuit embracing the inductance 22 and a condenser 23. The inductance -22 simultane ously serves as another primary of a transformer- 24.- In this improved arrangement, said primary coil 25 operates in series'with the spark gap '16 and the sourceof current 4 including other convenient elements; while another primary coil 22 and a condenser 23 are connected in multiple tothe coil 25 and the other mentioned elements. In this case the current which surges through'the oscillation circuit 22.23 and in shunt thereof through the spark gap 16 will thus alternately energize the primarycoil 22 and the'primary coil '25; of transformer 24 and thus increase the efficiency of the same' A tuning induc-,

tance 26shunted by a condenser 27 may be inserted between coil 25 and the electrode 18 of the spark gap. The circuit from the source of current 4 comprises one terminal connected between the primary coils '22 and 25 and the other terminal connected through the magnetizing coil 201:0 electrode 17 and thespark gap and in multiple thereof through condenser 23 and inductance 22 while coil 2 5 is connected to electrodev 18. F or, the purpose of permitting an easy starting of spark gap 16the sameis provided witha separate high. tension spark coil" for discharging through the spa'rk gap between the electrodes 17,118.

The primary 28 of saidspark coil. is con spring 29, the latter connecting through a toothed segment 30 of a key 30 to impedance spark coil 28 terminates in two electrodes 31 and 32." The latter form a spark gap in se- I nected toresistance 4C and to a tooth shaped lies with the electrodes 17 and 18 and gap 16 for starting the oscillation producing are through the gap 16. a

The secondary coil 34 of transformer 24 has one terminal connected through two coils and 36 of two modulating transformers 37 and 38. The other terminal of coil 34 is connected through the coils 3 and 7' of separate aerial circuits to the terminals of the receiving circuit 9. The other ends from the coils 35 and 36 of said modulating transformers are connected together and to a junction between condensers 6, 6 or inductances 7, 7, or both so as to form two opposed circuits and a current of equal character or of a zero potential. difference between the terminals 9 and 9" of the receiving circuit 9 for preventing an energization of the latter by transmitting current which effect will he later more fully described a Said modulation transforn'iers 37 and 38 consist of the energizing coils and 41, and the high frequency coils 35 or 36 upon suitable iron cores which at a certa'n magnetic saturation of the core by another source of current 39 cease to act as choking coils and thus permit the flow of the high frequency current from transformer 34 to transformer 3 and to the aerial 2 bysuitably tuning the primaries 3 and 7 and condensers 6, and 6. or by employing an additional. inductance 8 or a condenser 8? for tuning. But when the iron cores of said transformers are not magneticallyv saturated then the same will form high impedance choke coil and prevent a flow of high frequency current through the coils 35 and 36 and an energization of the aerial or communicating circuits.

The modulation transformer 37 comprises two saturating coils 40 and41: for energizing two legs of the closed core forming transformer 37 in two equal but opposed directions with respect to the high frequency coil 35. The modulation transformer 38 however comprises the coils 40, 41 arranged at right angles with respect to the high frequency current coil 36. I

Theiron cores of said modulation transformers including their saturating coils are arranged within the righ frequency coils 35 and 36, for iermitting arapid change of magnetic energizatiou and an easy control of the high. frequency currents. I

The energization of said modulation transformers for varying the transmitting current will be modified by a telephone transmitter or by telegraphic transmitter as desired. In the present arrangement both telephone and telegraphic transmission are simultaneously carried on at one current frequency. The reception of such double transmission is based upon the factthat speech and a high pitched note as employed for telegraph transmission will be easily distinguished. In the present electromagnets 4 system both telephone transmitters and tuning forks operate jointly or separately upon said modulation transformers.

A telephone transmitter which permits an operation by large currents can not be one of the carbon grain microphones as at present employed for small currents. A telephone transmitter"employed for this purpose consists of a casingv42 having a diaphragm 43. Three contact forming springs 44, 44 and 44 are attached upon saiddiaphragm in a manner so as to connect successively with the contacts 45,45 and 45. Inductive resistances 46 and 46 arranged between said con tacts and in the circu-itof battery and the saturation coils of modulation transformer 35, and also another resistance 46" if desired is arranged in series with the battery adapted for reducing a sparking between the contacts. A modulation of the transmitting current thus will be proportional to the number of contacts closed. Since there is a certain time required for the saturation of the iron cores of said modulation transformers, it makes the use of such contact transmittersuitable for all modulations. The resistances 46', 46" and 46 will permit a closer adjustment to certain speech. frequencies and obviate noise.

For transmission of code signals serve tuning forks 47 and 48 for producing a high pitched note of the transmitting current. The 7 Q48 of said tuning forks are connected-in serieswith the interrupt'in contacts 4 and 48 and the battery 39, whiletwo other contacts 49 and 49 are con" nectable by switches 50 to one or both of said modulation transformers 37 and38 and the transmitting signal instruments '51-. I

The reception of signals issimultaneously carried on during the transmission period by the arrangement of said transformer coils 3,

7 and thecondensers 6. and 6 which as already described'causea transmitting cur rent to produce zero potential between the terminals 9 and 9 of the receiving circuit9. The latter is connected to the aerial 9 through the same coils and transformers 1 and 3 as the transmitting circuit. for balancing coil 3* for the receiving circuit 9 and is connected to a separate aerial 2 .if r

desired. a

One of the receiving instruments consists of an iron core receiver 10 having two coils 10 and 10 connected to said terminals and9 and the aeri circuit as mentioned be fore. The intermediateterminals of the receiver coils 10' and 10" are connected together and by a switch 11 to the terminal of the transmitting circuit intermediate said two condensers 6" and 6", if desired. The last mentioned circuit connection forms a modification of that with switch 11 open. However the character of operation will remain thesame. Said. receiver coils l0 and 10 lie The coil 7 serves which are energized by the received alternat ing currents at a right angle in a strong magnetic hold such as produced by a coil 14 for instai'ice, whichlatter is energized by current lrombattory l then the magnetic lines of force produced by received "currents upon coils 1'3, 13 are deflected and caused to flow in the same directions with-the lines of the n'iagnet-ic field of coil 1% as indicatedby the arrows upon the hold of the dynamo 1 land thus energizing the field by 'such unidirected or rectified alternating currents'for amplify-' ing the signals by currents generated in the armature 14c oiithe dynamo 14. However,

such rectified or-unidirected receiving currents may be obtained by a coil 14'. coil li -ris arranged upon thelicld oil? the dynamo let and connected to battery 39 adapted to reduce the superimposed magnetic field produced by coil l lto a zero value if desired at a point distant from the coil 14: so as to produce a greater fluctuatingcurrent bysaid dynamo. Instead of connectingithe receivingcoils l3. 13 directly to the receiver 10 and the receiving circuit 9, Iprefer to connect the same to a coil 10 which is loosely coupled with the receiv ng coils 1O,

10 to obtainia loose coupling 'e'fiect for cutting out undesirable signals. In connection with thesereceiving.apparatusthere is also employed an amplifying means such as describedin connection with the transformers 1 and 3. connected with one terminal intermediate the'coils l3 and 13 and with the other terminal to an intermediate point of coil 1O" of receiver 10, theoperationot which consists in superimposing the voltage ot the signal current upon that of the battery current. A

. telephone receiver -15 may be pluggedto coil 1O to coil ll or.=between the armature terminals of the dynamo for supervising the operations. I p g The dynamo current from its armature '1 P seweslor operatingltwo tuning forks 53 and 54 by means of the electromagncts 55 and 56.

A local. battery 39 is: connected with one terminal to the contacts of said tuning forks 53, 54; and with the other terminal to two receiving instruments 57 and 58, which may be" Each one of the code printing apparatus. latter is connected by an interrupter contact or 60 to one of said tuning forlrs'53 and 54.

Another independent simultaneous transting and receiving system comprising a similar arrangement ofcircuits and is connectedio thc already described duplex system in a manner, whereby the operation of one Another direction and strength either througii densers and or through the induct-ances For l'his purpose, battery 39 is alternator 62 having one terminal connected intermediate elm l 7" of transformer 7 and a coil 8* ol? t-rai ioriner 3 to the terminals of a receiving circuit in 'a manner whereby transmitting current from alternator 62 and generator circuit 8 will similarly energize the transformers 7 and 3 but whereby the coils 3 and 7""Will produce a current of zero potential at the terminals 9 and 9 of the receiving circuit 9 and also at the terminals 66 and 67 of the other receiving circuit if the same are energized by coils 7 and 3 from alternator 62. or vice versa. The other terminal or the alternator 62 is connected through a transmitting 1nstrument63 intermediate I two condens'ers.65 and 65'. Each of said conden rs has the other terminal connectcd'to, n, nals and 67 of a receiving circuit 99 to which are connected the coils 7? and 3 It will be noted. that current from one terminal of thealternator will flow to both terminals fiti'an'd 67 Ol the receiving circuit in the same the con- 7 and 3" ol equalvalues and thus prevent producing a dili'erence of alternator potential between the terminals 66 and 67. The condensers (a l and 65 should have the same capacity and coils and 3* will be adjusted to have similarimpedance with respect to one another and similar coupling with respect to coilsif and. out thetransmitting circuit 8.

A secondary coil 7 c of transformer 7 will be connected to the -mentioned separate aerial 2 which will beus'ed for transmission and reception of signals different wave lengths with respect to aerialQ.

Thereceiving circuit99 from terminals 66 and 67 comprises a receiving coil 69. The latter has a variable inductance and may be tuned by condensers 641- and 65 if desired. In a coupled connection with coil 69 is a secondary coil 70 shunted by a condenser 71.

One terminal of the latter is connected be tween twosimilarly wound coils 72 and 7 E3 of a transformer l while the other terminal is connected intermediate two coils or resistances 75 and 76. The'coils 7 2 and 75 are connected together and to one terminal a bat tery 78 and a condenser 79. The coils 73 and 76 are also connected together and to the other terminals of battery 78 and condenser 79. This a: angement of circuits and elemerits serves for amplifyingreceived currents by causing the same to surge in series with the battery 78 in both alternations of the received alternating current while the flow of the latter will be prevented in another direction by the higher voltage of the battery current. alternation from coil through coil 73, battery 7 8 and coil to coil 70 and at the alternate cycle through coil 7 6, battery 78 and coil 72. 'lhe amplified alternating current from coils 72 and 73 will be received by coupled cells and 81. connected together at one ter minal of a battery Each other end of said cells 80, 81 is connected to one of two similar coils 83 and 84 and by a common terminal 85 through a magnetically opposite coil 86 to the second terminal of battery 82. A condenser 87 is arranged in shunt to coil 86 and tuned so that currents of the received fre.

quency will surge through the condenser 87 while coil 86 has a high impedance for such currents. A tone wheel 88 interposed in the battery circuit will not excite the transformer 89 while operating when no signals are received for the fact that battery current diroot of tone wheel modulated will flow through coils 88 and S t in one direction and thence through coil 86 in an opposed direction and thus prevent the excitation of the receiving transformer 89. Coil 86 hereby will be made of sufficient impedance to offset coils 83 and 84c. fhe operation is such that while a received alternating current may oppose the battery current through the coils 80 and 83 for instance, it will flow in series with the battery current through condenser 87 and coils 84c and 81 or vice versa.

is secondary coil 90 is loosely coupled to tOllS 83, 84 of transformer 89 and connected with one terminal to two opposing resistances or indnctances 91 and 92 and by the latter to two coils 98 and 94: then connected together and to the other terminal of coil 90. A battery 95 is connected with one terminal between coils 9a and 92. The other terminal of said battery 95 is connected to a condenser 96 and. a coil 97 in multiple with one another and then by an interrupting contact 98 to coils 93 and 91. in a manner whereby coil 97 produces an opposite magnetic field of a value as that of and with respect to coils 93, 94 so that a current from battery 95 does not produce a resultant magnetic field upon the coil 100. But if a received current surges through coil 90, it will flow through coil 92, battery 95, condenser 96 and coil 98 back to coil 90 in one direction and in the alternate direction through coil 94, battery 95, condenser 96 and coil. 91. Thus coil 109 will be energized by received currents flowing in series with the battery current and thus will energize a receiving instrument 101 connected with coil 100.

It will be noted that the cooperation of the several parts will produce an. e ficient signallhus' received current will flow at one ing device which will be advantageous to any other signaling device for signaling.

Having now fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a signaling system the combination with electrical circuits, said circuits includ-' ing common operating circuits for simultaneous distant communication and a plurality of transmitting and receiving apparatus, including tw'o transformers, a transmitting circuit connected between coils of said two transformers with one terminal and between two similar impedance elements with the other terminal, a receiving circuit connecting with each terminal respectively one of said coils and one of said impedance elements, and a second transmitting and a receiving circuit connected similarly as said first mentioned circuits but to separate impedance elements and separate coils ofsaid two transformers in a manner, whereby the operation of each one of said transmitting circuits and apparatus will not produce'a difference of potential between the termnfals of either of said receiving circuits and apparatus.

3. In a signaling system the combination with electrical circuits,said circuits including common operating circuits and amplifying circuits and conductors for distant communication, said amplifying circuits comprising two transformers, a source of current con nected with one terminal between two opposed coils of one of said transformers and with the other terminal between two opposing coils of the other transformer, a'condenser included in the circuits between said coils, the terminals of said coils of said two transformers being connected in series with one another, means for impressing a fluctuating current for receiving upon one of said lOO transformers, and means for utilizing for transmitting a modified current from the other transformer, all for the purpose set forth.

4:. In a signaling system the combination with electriccircuits, of transmitting apparatus including a generator of high frequency currents and means for modifying and utilizing the same, said modifying means being included in one of said circuits between said generating and said utilizing means -inc1udcoils by induced currents traversing said ing circuits and including a coil traversed by 7 high frequency coil, and means for modifying 10 high frequency currents, an iron core for the mangnetization of said iron core consaid high frequency current coil arranged nected with said magnetizing coils.

Within said high frequency 'coil, said iron In testimony whereof, I have signed my core having 'magnetizing coils arranged name to this specification this 17th day of thereon in a manner whereby no current will February, 1921; Y

result at the terminals of said magnetizing AUGUST J. KLONECK. 

